2018年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷,2017年高考英语全国卷

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)

第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的甲、乙、丙和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

华盛顿特区自行车旅游

华盛顿特区樱花自行车之旅

持续时间：3小时

这种小型团体自行车旅行是观看华盛顿特区世界闻名的樱花的绝佳方式。您的导游将提供关于这些树和它们开花的著名纪念碑的历史课。在樱花消失之前预订你的位置！

华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅

持续时间： 3小时(4英里)

参加带导游的自行车之旅，参观华盛顿特区一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。探索国家广场上的纪念碑和纪念馆，导游会在每一站与您分享独特的事实和历史。导游包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。

华盛顿特区首都自行车之旅

持续时间： 3小时

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无论是早上还是下午，这种自行车之旅对于华盛顿特区的新来者和希望以健康的方式体验华盛顿特区的当地人来说都是最完美的旅行。知识渊博的导游会给你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的最有趣的故事。舒适的自行车和顺畅的游览路线（路线)让在两个地点之间骑自行车变得有趣和放松。

夜间自行车游览华盛顿首都遗址

持续时间：3小时(7英里)

参加一个小型团体自行车旅行，在华盛顿特区的中心进行一个晚上的探索。当您骑自行车游览国会山和国家广场时，可以近距离接触纪念碑和纪念馆。经常停下来拍照，因为您的导游提供了独特的事实和历史。旅游包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。所有骑手都配备了反光背心和安全灯。

21.需要提前预订哪个旅游？

华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅

B.华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅。

C.华盛顿特区首都自行车之旅

D.夜间自行车游览华盛顿首都景点。

22.在首都自行车旅行中你会做什么？

A.认识名人。

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B.去国家公园。

C.参观知名博物馆。

D.欣赏有趣的故事。

23.哪一个

e following does the bicycle tour at night provide？

A. City maps.

B. Cameras.

C. Meals.

D. Safety lights.

B

Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget。

In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.

"We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, "she explains. "I pay ￡5 for a portion （份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we 're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves."

The eight-part series(系列节目), Save money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money：Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.

With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.

24.What do we know about Susanna Reid？

A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.

B. She has started a new programme.

C. She dislikes working early in the morning.

D. She has had a tight budget for her family.

25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna

A. He buys cooking materials for her.

B. He prepares food for her kids.

C. He assists her in cooking matters.

D. He invites guest families for her.

26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？

A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B. Provide some advice for the readers.

C. Add some background information.

D: Introduce a new topic for discussion.

27. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart

B. Balancing Our Daily Diet

C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef

D. Cooking Well for Less

C

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?

A. They developed very fast

B. They were large in number

C. They had similar patterns

D. They were closely connected

29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？

A. Complex

B .Advanced

C. Powerful.

D. Modern

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？

A. About 6,800

B, About 3,400

C. About 2,400

D. About 1,200

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human development results in fewer languages.

D Geography determines language evolution.

D

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment- and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers， basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And WP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day ，you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices - We continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what' s the solution(解决方案)? The team' s data only went up to2007， but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.

32. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environment-friendly.

B. They are no better than the old.

C. They cost more to use at home.

D. They go out of style quickly.

33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

B. To test the life cycle of a product.

C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

34. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A. The box-set TV.

B. The tablet.

C. The LCD TV.

D. The desktop computer.

35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A. Stop using them

B. Take them apart

C. Upgrade them.

D. Recycle them.

第二节 (共5小题：每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental in home design-something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces in one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional ? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ___ , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ，they can get a little complex. But good news is that there'er really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

___38__ ，They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40__ .

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you're looking for

C. If you're experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with

E. it's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game's 46 I could hardly wait to 47 him.

Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no game for him ; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and 52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .

Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I' m still putting to use what he 55 me："the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options." These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.

41.A. put forward

B. jumped at

C. tried out

D. turned down

42. A waste

B. earn

C. save

D. pay

43. A. excited

B. worried

C. moved

D. tired

44. A. title

B. competitor

C. textbook

D. instructor

45. A. urged

B. demanded

C. held

D. meant

46. A. fastest

B. easiest

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C. best

D. rarest

47. A. interview

B. meet

C. challenge

D. beat

48. A. chance

B. qualification

C. honor

D. job

49. A. real

B. perfect

C. clear

D. possible

50. A. attend

B. pass

C. skip

D. observe

51. A. add

B. expose

C. apply

D. compare

52. A. eventually

B. naturally

C. directly

D. normally

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53. A. game

B. presentation

C. course

D. experiment

54. A. criterion

B. classroom

C. department

D. situation

55. A. taught

B. wrote

C. questioned

D. promised

56. A. fact

B. step

C. manner

D. skill

57. A. grades

B. decisions

C. impressions

D. comments

58. A. analyze

B. describe

C. rebuild

D. control

59. A. announce

B. signal

C. block

D.evaluate

60. A. role

B. desire

C. concern

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D. behavior

第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__(long) than non-runners, You don't have to run fast or for long _62__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63__(die) early by running.

While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it _64___(be)more effective at lengthening life _65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014__66___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67___（cause）.

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always_69___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give____70_ a try.

第四部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：

1.到达时间

2.合适的礼物

3.餐桌礼仪

注意:

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。