2021年北京市海淀区高三一模英语试卷独家解析,海淀八模2021届高三英语模拟测试卷一

北京海淀区2021高三一模英语试题

2021.04

本文共8页，100分。考试持续90分钟。

第一部分：知识应用(共两节，30分)

Section 1(共10个小问题；每题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面这篇短文，把握其主旨，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，在答题卡上涂黑。

我的。与乌干达一所小学的学生的友谊开始于一个不稳定的基础上。我的。和乌干达一个小学生的友谊一开始并不稳定。不在地下的1隐藏在里面，因为他们说着一种不同于我的语言，而我的也没有听到。他们隐藏了一种不被理解的恐惧，因为他们的语言和我的不一样，我的语言被忽略了。

我满面笑容地和他们打招呼，当我进一步说话时，他们用冰冷的眼神回应我。这提醒我，你必须熬过这一关才能接近他们。所以我又试了一次。我用手势和一点舞蹈说了三句英语。如果都失败了，微笑会很快被我们拾起，然后是5

--tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;"> of the learners came into play. At the mention of a name, trembles and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6 a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home.

原文解析:

我微笑着向他们打招呼，当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回答我，一个提醒在我脑海中回响:你必须经历这一切才能接近他们。所以我又试了一次。我说着简单的英语，做着手势，还跳了一会儿舞。如果一切都失败了，微笑会接管一切。我们很快就学会了，然后学习者的害羞开始起作用了。听到一个名字，我的反应是颤抖和掩面。在小组工作中，我决定每天与一组人共用一张桌子，以拉近彼此的距离。放学后，我陪他们回家。

7 , we became friends. They were even aware of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果): If I didn’t get one on my desk, it would 8 me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that state. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9 Wow!

渐渐地，我们成了朋友。他们甚至知道我最喜欢的水果——鳄梨:如果我桌上没有一个，不管我在哪里，它都会找到我。我的拖鞋穿坏了。一天晚上，我把它们放在了外面，因为在那种情况下没人能偷到一双拖鞋。第二天早上，我准备像往常一样拖着我的拖鞋，我惊讶地发现它们被修好了，哇!

The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. 我们为彼此做的小事给我们带来了巨大的快乐和温暖。We don't have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10 .我们没有合适的口语，但我们的友谊语言很流利。

1. A. anger B. fear

C. confusion D. disappointment

2. A. agreement B. blame

C. comment D. silence

3. A. simple B. official

C. academic D. unusual

4. A. turn up B break off

C. take over D. fade away

5. A. shyness B. laziness

C. loneliness D. calmness

6. A. clear B. share

C. search D. exchange

7. A. Suddenly B. Obviously

C. Accidentally D. Gradually

8. A. hit B. find

C. catch D. hunt

9. A. packed B: cleaned

C. repaired D. abandoned

10. A. sympathy B. admiration

C. friendship D. confidence

第二节 语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Brian Skerry is an underwater photo journalist As part of his job, he encounters mysterious sea 11 (creature) such as whales and sharks. To get the best photo Skerry gets close to the wildlife—even if it’s dangerous. One time in Mexico, a squid gabbed Skerry as he 12 . (take) a photo.

Why does Skerry take these risks? He hopes his photographs will make people think about life in the oceans. As Skerry says, “The oceans are in real trouble. As a journalist, the most important thing I can do is to raise public 13 (aware).”

原文解析：

Brian Skerry is an underwater photo journalist As part of his job, he encounters mysterious sea creatures such as whales and sharks. To get the best photo Skerry gets close to the wildlife—even if it’s dangerous. One time in Mexico, a squid gabbed Skerry as he was taking a photo.

Why does Skerry take these risks? He hopes his photographs will make people think about life in the oceans. As Skerry says, “The oceans are in real trouble. As a journalist, the most important thing I can do is to raise public awareness.”

Brian Skerry是一名水下摄影记者在他的工作中，他遇到了神秘的海洋生物，如鲸鱼和鲨鱼。为了拍出最好的照片，斯科利接近了野生动物——即使这很危险。有一次在墨西哥，斯科利正在拍照，一只鱿鱼跟他说话。

斯科利为什么要冒这个险?他希望他的照片能让人们思考海洋中的生命。正如斯克里所说:“海洋正面临真正的麻烦。作为一名记者，我能做的最重要的事情就是提高公众的意识。”

B

In the past few years, researchers at Land University 14 (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference 15 a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog's nose 16 appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog's nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense that extra energy, 17 (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.

原文解析：

In the past few years, researchers at Land University have published several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference between a 4-inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog's nose that appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog's nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense that extra energy,signaling to the brain that something warm is nearby.

在过去的几年里，兰德大学(Land University)的研究人员发表了几篇关于狗在不接触身体的情况下感知体温的能力的论文。他们的研究结果表明，在5英尺远的地方，狗狗们就能准确地分辨出一个4英寸高的物体在体温下和一个在室温下的区别。科学家们在狗的鼻子里发现了一组神经，这些神经似乎是负责任的。狗鼻子上的皮肤可以吸收从温暖物体中渗出的微量红外光，皮肤内的神经很快就能感觉到额外的能量，向大脑发出信号，表明附近有温暖的物体。

C

Some American cities are banning drive-through windows at fast-food restaurants. There are two basic reasons for the bans: concern for the environment and the need 18 (fight) obesity.

In the US, most adults drive automobiles and almost 40% of the adults are overweight. That's partly 19 people are worried about the environment and unhealthy diets. Supporters of the bans hope fewer drive-through windows 20 (reduce) litter and air pollution from customers driving cars. Some also think that people will choose healthier food if there is no longer the convenience of a drive-through window.

原文解析：

Some American cities are banning drive-through windows at fast-food restaurants. There are two basic reasons for the bans: concern for the environment and the need to fight obesity.

In the US, most adults drive automobiles and almost 40% of the adults are overweight. That's partly why people are worried about the environment and unhealthy diets. Supporters of the bans hope fewer drive-through windows will reduce litter and air pollution from customers driving cars. Some also think that people will choose healthier food if there is no longer the convenience of a drive-through window.

一些美国城市正在禁止快餐店的免下车窗口。禁令有两个基本原因：

对环境的关注和对抗肥胖的需要。

在美国，大多数成年人都会开车，近40%的成年人超重。这就是人们担心环境和不健康饮食的部分原因。禁令的支持者希望减少驾车窗口的数量可以减少垃圾和空气污染。一些人还认为，如果不再有“免下车”窗口的便利，人们会选择更健康的食物。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Emergencies are scary, but there is now a new smart ring on the market that will quickly call for help when you need it most. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic button. It lets you send emergency alerts (警报) to preset contacts from its mobile app with the touch of a thumb. Whether you are being attacked or experiencing a serious health problem, Nimb will help keep you safe and sound.

紧急情况是可怕的，但现在市场上有一种新的智能戒指，可以在你最需要它的时候迅速呼救。来认识一下Nimb，这是一种带有紧急按钮的戒指。它可以让你用拇指在移动应用程序中向预设联系人发送紧急警报。无论您是正在遭受攻击或经历严重的健康问题，Nimb将帮助您保持安全和健康。

Smart Ring to the Rescue

The story behind the development with this new technology is unique and touching. In 2010, Kathy Roma, who is the co-founder and communications lead with Nimb, was violently attacked by a complete stranger and was on the brink of death. She suffered multiple stab wounds in a safe neighborhood, just a few feet away from a police station. Her saving grace wasn't just her fight and drive to survive, but the call for help.

Since then, she has been searching to find a way for others to have a voice when they’re in need of help and has been a driving force in the development of this new technology. And Nimb is easy to use. All you need to do when your contacts. Your contacts will get instant emergency alerts on their smartphones and tablets. This smart ring tracks your exact location in real time and your contacts will know where you are at all times.

Nimb’s app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and notification features. The ring is compatible (兼容的) with Bluetooth 4+, iOS 7+ and Android 4+. It is also equipped with a rechargeable LiPo Battery that will last about two weeks, and is designed to withstand water and dust.

Nimb: Stay Safe in Style

What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cool and futuristic looking. It comes in two colors: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4-12, which means you can wear it on any of your fingers. There's no doubt this new technology will be a hit on the market: everyone wants to have that extra piece of mind when it comes to health and safety. Nimb retails for $129.

21 Nimb is designed to help users_________.

A. relieve pain in stressful situations

B. warn friends of surrounding dangers

C. call contacts for help in emergencies

D. keep track of serious health problems

22. Kathy Roma got the idea of Nimb from________.

A. her experience of being attacked

B. her desire to have a voice in technology

C. her dream of founding her own company

D. her drive to survive from a serious disease

23. How do you use Nimb when you are in trouble?

A. By editing an emergency message.

B. By pressing a button for three seconds.

C. By tracking the location of preset contacts.

D. By sending alerts to the smartphones nearby.

B

It was a reading class. While all her classmates were flying through the 2nd and 3rd books in the Harry Potter series Skye Malik, only on page four of the first book, got impossibly stuck on the word "doughnut”.

那是一节阅读课。当她所有的同学都在飞快地读完《哈利波特》系列的第二、第三部时，斯凯·马利克(Skye Malik)只看了第一本书的第四页，就被“甜甜圈”(doughnut)这个词难住了。

Her unexpected difficulty with reading is called dyslexia. Skye got a professional diagnosis at the end of the 2nd grade. Knowing that other kids were going through the same thing made it easier on her somehow. What wasn’t easy, even after all the help she got from special tutors and reading programs, was fluent reading. What many people do without thinking- reading-she had to struggle with word by word, sometimes letter by letter. In class, she would hear the other kids flip through the pages on assignments and go on to the questions while she was still doing battle with the first paragraph.

她在阅读方面的意外困难被称为诵读困难。Skye在二年级结束时接受了专业诊断。知道了其他孩子也在经历同样的事情让她好过了很多。但最难的是，即使在特殊辅导老师和阅读课程的帮助下，她的阅读还是很流畅。和许多人不加思考就会做的事情一样——读书——她不得不一个字一个字地努力，有时是一个字母一个字母地努力。在课堂上，当她还在为第一段做斗争时，她会听到其他孩子翻着作业的页数继续提问。

She was as frustrated as she was discouraged. But she didn't know of any other way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pollock, told her about something called Learning Ally.

她既灰心丧气又灰心丧气。但是她不知道其他的方法，直到她四年级的老师波洛克小姐告诉她一个叫做学习同盟的东西。

Learning Ally is a non-profit organization that offers audio versions of books. A crew of volunteer readers has recorded 75,000 classic novels, children’s books, and school textbooks that help more than 300,000 students and adults with learning differences or who are blind. Now Skye could listen to the books with her ears and follow the words with her eyes on the page, Instead of having her mother read her textbooks to her, she could independently do her work. “With Learning Ally, I feel confident and capable and can easily keep up with my classmates,” Skye explains, “and I want other kids to feel empowered, just the way I did.”

学习同盟是一个提供有声读物的非盈利组织。一群志愿读者记录了7.5万本经典小说、儿童读物和学校教科书，帮助了超过30万名学习有差异或失明的学生和成年人。现在，Skye可以用耳朵听书，眼睛跟着书页上的文字走，而不是让妈妈给她读课本，她可以自己做作业。有了“学习联盟”，我感到自信和有能力，可以轻松地跟上我的同学，Skye解释说，我想让其他孩子感到有力量，就像我一样。

So Skye, now aged 16, created The Paco Project which was named after her grandfather whose nickname was “Paco”. The Paco Project is a fundraiser and educational initiative focusing on giving students with dyslexia access to the same Learning Ally technology that changed her life.

于是，现年16岁的Skye创立了Paco项目，这个项目是以她祖父的昵称Paco命名的。Paco项目是一个资金筹集者和教育倡议，致力于让有诵读困难的学生使用改变她生活的“学习联盟”(Learning Ally)技术。

Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who have been diagnosed. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and helping them be confident, capable students.

Skype意识到她是被确诊的幸运儿之一。她知道教育教师关于阅读障碍和给予学生学习挑战他们需要的工具是迎接阅读障碍的第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。

“Right now they feel stuck-ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.”

现在，他们对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和没有安全感。如果我能阻止这些学生有这种感觉，那对我来说意义重大。”

24. According to the passage, Skye ________.

A. found a way out with the help of Miss Pollock

B. felt annoyed at being teased by her classmates

C. preferred reading the first book of Harry Potter

D. was diagnosed with dyslexia in her fourth grade

25. The Paco Project was created ________.

A. to promote Learning Ally technology

B. to empower those with reading difficulty

C. with inspiration from Skye’s grandfather

D. in response to the growing demands of teachers

26. The passage mainly about ________.

A. what people with dyslexia are suffering

B. what measures are needed to beat dyslexia

C. how Learning Ally influenced people with dyslexia

D. how Skye battled against dyslexia and helped others

C

The philosopher Martin Buber, is most known for his work on "I-Thou/You” relationships in which people: are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.

哲学家马丁·布伯(Martin Buber)最著名的作品是关于“我-你/你”的关系。在这种关系中，人们开放、直接、相互感兴趣。相反，“I-It”关系是指我们利用对方，就像一个物体，来解决我们的问题，满足我们的需求和目的。

It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn't have to reciprocate and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way“It”was involved.

我们的许多人际关系是或变成了这种关系，这并不是我们的错，因为我们的感觉、思考和做的大多数事情都是由如何在我们出生的环境中生存的无意识记忆所驱动的。因此，我们利用他人来帮助我们自我感觉更好，并在这个世界上应付自如的原因之一是，利用他人曾经是必要的，而且很有效。当我们还小而无助的时候，它来喂养我们，抱着我们，送我们上路。我们不需要回报和照顾它。即使对它的关心和关注很少，或者是无法预测的，如果我们活着走出童年，在这个过程中的某个地方，它也会参与其中。

Freud called this stage of early life "primary narcissism"，which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal pay of our development. While most of us grow out of it, we still hold a survival fear. which motivates to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure.

弗洛伊德将这一早期阶段称为“原始自恋”，这是我们自我保护的本能，也是我们发展的正常回报。虽然我们中的大多数人长大了，但我们仍然有生存的恐惧。我们都需要这种健康的恐惧。

The problem is that too many of us much or the time, are in a constant state threat-and we often don’t know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our brain have grown in size and complexity. so has our ability to scare ourselves.

问题是，我们中有太多的人或太多的时间，处于持续的国家威胁中——而我们常常不知道。我们想象着人们在我们背后谈论我们，说我们得了癌症，我们能力不足，容易遭受厄运。因为我们的大脑在体积和复杂性上都有所增长。我们吓唬自己的能力也是如此。

This causes many problems, For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is significantly reduced.

这导致了许多问题，例如，我们的压力水平增加，我们的消化受损，我们的思维变得受限。我们的威胁反应会阻止任何可能浪费能量、减少对抗或逃避危险的身体功能、感觉、思想和行为。因此，当受到威胁时，我们的情绪、认知和行为范围会显著缩小。

And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards surviving not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self- interest.

在这种简化的状态下，我们的解决办法之一就是找一个能拯救和安慰我们的人。恐惧和焦虑并没有使我们变得开放、直接和相互，而是引导我们在与他人的关系中进行对话和选择，以生存为导向，而不是发展壮大。威胁驱动的关系的特征是需要、依赖、控制、需求、不诚实和自我利益。

We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our problems.

在我们学会注意、安慰和理解威胁大脑的情绪和模式之前，我们无法形成布伯所说的“我-你”关系。当我们受到威胁时，我们倾向于把别人当作可以拯救和保护我们的东西，或者把我们的问题归咎于他们。

D

Move Over, Selfish Gene

让开，自私的基因

Evolution traditionally has a problem with nice people. If only the fittest individuals survive, then those who are nice to others at their own expense will surely he weeded out. Yet cooperation is widespread in nature, from plants alerting each other to danger to dolphins cooperating to round up fish.

传统上，进化对好人来说是个问题。如果只有最适者生存，那么那些以自己为代价善待他人的人肯定会被淘汰。然而，合作在自然界中广泛存在，从植物相互警告危险，到海豚合作围捕鱼类。

A decades-old idea called kin selection can explain some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another. Bees and ants have a system of reproduction which leaves colony members so closely related that they act almost as a single super-organism And among any sexually reproducing species parental care helps individuals pass on their genes.

一个几十年前被称为“亲缘选择”的想法可以部分解释这一现象:如果生物体有足够多的共同DNA，那么它们可以通过帮助彼此来进一步发展自己自私的基因。蜜蜂和蚂蚁有一种生殖系统，使群体成员之间的联系如此紧密，以至于它们的行为几乎像一个单一的超级有机体。在任何有性繁殖的物种中，亲代抚育有助于个体传递其基因。

But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers. One idea is that we have evolved to be super- cooperative because, over time, more cooperative groups have outcompeted less cooperative ones. But there generally isn't enough genetic variation between groups to allow natural selection to favor more cooperative ones.

但是亲缘选择不能解释为什么人类对陌生人如此友好。有一种观点认为，我们已经进化到超级合作的状态，因为随着时间的推移，更多合作的群体已经在竞争中战胜了那些不太合作的群体。但一般来说，群体之间并没有足够的遗传变异，使自然选择倾向于合作性更强的群体。

Some researchers think the solution lies in an idea called cultural group selection. Forget shared genes, they argue. Selection can favor cooperative groups if the people within them share enough culture. The idea is controversial because to work it requires that groups remain culturally distinct, As critics point out, people tend to migrate (迁移) between groups, which should homogenize (使同质化) ideas and customs. Those who back the concept counter that groups have ways to maintain their distinct culture, including a process called nom (准则) enforcement. Put simply, if someone migrates into anew cultural group, they are pressured into following the local rules because failing to do so leads to punishment.

一些研究人员认为解决办法在于一种叫做文化群体选择的想法。他们认为，忘记共享基因吧。如果群体内部的人共享足够多的文化，选择就会有利于合作群体。这个观点是有争议的，因为它要求各个群体保持文化差异，正如批评者指出的那样，人们倾向于在不同群体之间迁移，这应该使思想和习俗均质化。支持这一概念的人反驳说，各个团体都有办法保持自己独特的文化，包括一个被称为nom（准则）强制执行的过程。简而言之，如果一个人迁移到一个新的文化群体，他们会被迫遵守当地的规则，因为不这样做会导致惩罚。

Earlier this year, Mathew and Handley at Arizona State University published a study testing the idea. They sampled 759 people from four ethnic groups in Kenya who compete intensively for land, water and livestock. The pair estimated that genetic differences between individuals from different groups was generally less than 15%. Cultural practices and beliefs varied much more, by 107 to 20%. People cooperated most with members of their own group, as cultural group selection predicts, and to a lesser extent with members of other groups whose norms most closely matched their own. That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is one of the most explicit tests of cultural group selection theory so far,” says Mathew.

今年早些时候，亚利桑那州立大学的Mathew和Handley发表了一项研究来验证这个想法。他们抽样了来自肯尼亚四个民族的759人，这些民族对土地、水和牲畜的争夺非常激烈。两人估计，来自不同群体的个体之间的遗传差异一般小于15%。文化习俗和信仰的差异要大得多，从107到20%不等。正如文化群体选择预测的那样，人们与自己群体中的成员合作最多，与其他群体中规范与自己最接近的成员合作较少。如果重要的是文化而不是基因，那就说得通了。我认为这是迄今为止对文化群体选择理论最明确的测试之一，马修说。

Not everyone is persuaded. Krasnow at Harvard University sees no theoretical flaw with the idea, but says that some of his research undermines it. He has found that people don't just enforce the rules within their group, but also punish people from other groups who fail to follow their own group’s norms. Mathew counters that it is reasonable to enforce the norms on outsiders as a step towards incorporating (使并入) them into your cultural group.“This is often how empires expand,” she says.

并不是每个人都被说服了。哈佛大学的Krasnow认为这个想法在理论上没有缺陷，但他说他的一些研究削弱了它。他发现，人们不仅在自己的群体中强制执行规则，而且还惩罚其他群体中不遵守自己群体规范的人。马修反驳说，对外来者实施这些规范是合理的，这是将他们融入你的文化群体的一个步骤。她说，这就是帝国扩张的方式。

第二节 （共5小题:每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Changing Landscape of the Music Business

音乐行业不断变化的格局

The music industry is in the process of a great change. In the past decades, artists made money through physical sales of records, CDs, and cassettes, While in recent years, downloading songs from services such as Amazon or iTunes has become the most common way for people to purchase music, and the whole idea of buying music to own may be falling To take its place are Internet apps that Stream music directly to leaners on their smartphones, labels. o computers.音乐产业正处于一个巨大的变化过程中。在过去的几十年里,艺术家通过身体赚钱的销售记录,cd,磁带,而近年来,从服务,如亚马逊或者iTunes下载歌曲已成为最常见的为人们购买音乐,和购买音乐的整体思想的可能降至取而代之是互联网应用,智能手机上直接下载音乐学习者,标签。电脑。 35 While this is great for fans who now have aces 10 millions of songs a the flick of a touchscreen, it has shattered the traditional model of how an artist manages his or her career.

With music lovers increasingly moving away from making one-time purchases towards an all-you-can-listen-to service, what is a hard-working artist to do? The main problem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream of a song are much lower than what an artist would receive from a download, 36 In November of 2014, award-winning musician Taylor Swift pulled her entire music catalog from Spottily, a popular streaming app, claiming that their business model suggests that music does not hold much worth.

37 They claim that it offers smaller artists a chance for their music to get heard by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager of the band Radiohead, has come out in support of streaming services. He sees them as a way for musicians and fans to interact.

Regardless of what artists may think about this change in the music industry, there's no arguing that they need to adapt in order to make money 38 .

Corporate sponsorship can be a risky option for musicians. A band can make much money by agreeing to promote a product or license its music for use in advertisements-but there are marry ways that this can backfire. When hands work with businesses. they may lose the image hey have worked to create. 39 Artists must develop an image that appeals to their farms in order to remain unique and authentic, or they risk striking the wrong chord, which could leave them struggling to sustain careerism in this new business landscape.

对音乐家来说，企业赞助可能是一个冒险的选择。一个乐队可以通过同意推广一种产品或授权其音乐用于广告而赚很多钱，但也有很多方式会适得其反。当手和生意一起工作时。他们可能会失去他们努力创造的形象。在事业上保持良好的形象当然是很棘手的。艺术家必须创造出一种能够吸引他们的农场的形象，以保持独特和真实，否则他们可能会引起错误的共鸣，这可能会让他们在这个新的商业环境中挣扎着维持自己的事业。

A. Others have welcomed the idea of streaming music.

B. However, those forms of media are quickly fading away.

C. Some big-name artists have called attention to the issue.

D. The mules could be different for smaller bands just starting out.

E. Maintaining a fine image while working on a career is certainly tricky.

F. One major shift is the growth in partnership between artists and businesses.

G. These apps are available either as free versions or as monthly subscription services

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节 阅读表达（共4小题：第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

The increase in online education has allowed a new type of teacher to emerge-an artificial one. But just how accepting students are of an artificial instructor remains to be seen. That’s why researchers at the University of Central Florida's Nicholson School of Communication and Media are working to examine student perceptions of A-based teachers, Some of their findings. published recently in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction indicate that for students to accept an AI teaching assistant it needs to be effective and easy to talk to.

网络教育的发展使得一种新型的教师出现了——一种人工教师。但学生们对人工教师的接受程度还有待观察。这就是为什么中佛罗里达大学尼克尔森传播与媒体学院的研究人员正在研究学生对教师的看法，这是他们的一些发现。最近发表在《国际人机交互杂志》(International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction)上的一篇文章指出，要让学生接受人工智能教学助手，它需要高效且容易交谈。

According to Jihyun Kim. the lead author of the study, the hope is that by understanding how students relate to AI-teachers, engineers and computer scientists can design them to easily integrate into the education experience.

金智贤(ji - hyun Kim)说。该研究的第一作者希望，通过了解学生与人工智能的关系，教师、工程师和计算机科学家可以设计它们，方便地整合到教育体验中。

“To use machine teachers effectively we need to understand students’ views on machine teachers their leaning experiences with them and more,” Kim says. “This line of research is needed to design effective machine teachers that can actually facilitate positive learning experiences.

金说，为了有效地使用机器教师，我们需要了解学生对机器教师的看法，了解他们与机器教师一起学习的经验，甚至更多。要想设计出有效的机器教师，从而促进积极的学习体验，就需要进行这方面的研究。

AI teaching assistants can help ease a teacher’s workload, such as by responding to commonly asked questions by students. These questions. which often pear each semester and become numerous in online classes with hundreds of students, can become a large task for a teacher. The quick delivery of answers also helps students.

人工智能助教可以帮助减轻老师的工作量，比如回答学生常见的问题。这些问题。这些课程通常在每个学期都出现，在数百名学生的网络课堂中变得不计其数，这对老师来说是一项艰巨的任务。答案的快速传递也对学生有帮助。

An example of an AI teaching assistant is one named Jill Watson that was created by a researcher at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Jill was fed the thousands of questions and answers commonly asked in the researcher's online class that he'd taught over the years. With some additional learning and adjustments, Jill was eventually able to answer the students' commonly asked questions accurately without any human assistance as if she was one of the researcher s human teaching assistants.

人工智能教学助手的一个例子是吉尔·沃森(Jill Watson)，它是由乔治亚理工学院(Georgia Institute of Technology)的一名研究员发明的。吉尔收到了数千个问题和答案，这些问题和答案都是在这位研究员多年来教授的在线课程中经常问到的。通过一些额外的学习和调整，吉尔最终能够准确地回答学生们经常问的问题，而不需要任何人类的帮助，就好像她是研究人员的人类助教一样。

“I hope our research findings help us find an effective way to incorporate AI agents into education, Kim says. “By adopting an AI agent as an assistant for a simple and repetitive task, teachers would be able to have more things scheduled such as meeting with students and developing teaching strategies.”

金说:“我希望我们的研究成果能帮助我们找到一种有效的方法，将人工智能融入教育。”通过采用人工智能代理作为一个简单和重复的任务的助手，教师将能够安排更多的事情，如与学生见面和制定教学策略。

40. What kind of AI teaching assistants can students easily accept?

41. What do researchers need to do to design effective AI teaching assistants?

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With the help of AI-based teaching assistants, human teachers can not only be relieved from heavy work but also have more time to answer commonly asked questions by students.

43. Explain how AI technology can be used in a different field in our life. (about 40 words)

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近过度使用手机，日常生活受到影响，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.表示理解；

2.你的建议及理由。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours

Li Hua

第二节：One possible version参考范文：

Dear Jim,

I am sorry to know you are troubled by cellphone overuse. As a heavy cellphone user myself, I totally understand the stress and frustration you are feeling.

Fortunately, we can do a few things about it. For instance, we can set certain hours of the day as “cellphone time” and only pick up the phone during those hours. By doing so, we can reduce our screen time. We may also participate in group activities where we meet people face to face and thus don’t need to rely on the phone all the time to contact others.

I hope my suggestions can help and I’m sure you will get through this. Let me know if I can help in any way.

Yours,

Li Hua

海淀区2021年下学期期中练习参考答案高三英语

2021. 04

第一部分 知识运用

第一节 完形填空

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. C

第二节 语法填空

11. creatures 12. was taking 13. awareness 14. have published 15. between

16. that/which 17. signaling/ signaling 18. to fight 19. why 20. will reduce

第二部分 阅读理解

第一节

21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A

第二节

35. G 36. C 37. A 38. F 39. E

第三部分 书面表达

第一节

40. Ones that are effective and easy to talk to.

41. They need to understand students’ views on machine teachers, their learning experiences with them and more.

42. With the help of AI-based teaching assistants, human teachers can not only be relieved from heavy work but also have more time to answer commonly asked questions by students.

According to the passage, it is the AI-based teaching assistants rather than teachers that can answer commonly asked questions by students.

43. AI is widely used in the field of transportation. Using AI, the navigation systems in cars and on cellphones are able to recommend the best routes based on real time traffic data. Also, AI can be used to make self-driving vehicles more convenient and much safer.

刘凯老师介绍

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。2010年赴美国宾夕法尼亚大学交流学习；2013年美国亚利桑那大学访问学者；2015年澳大利亚新南威尔士大学ESL研修；2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者；2019年赴澳大利亚麦考瑞大学交流习；GRE托福考试全球高分获得者；荣获长江商学院EMBA。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。多篇文章发表在《中国教育报》《中国考试》《北京教育》等报刊上。多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验，国际核心期刊发表多篇论文。

教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。

2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，学术功底深厚，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。

海外生活学习十年，社科人文类学科偏爱者；10年雅思教龄，知名教师培训师；指导上万考生快速冲刺雅思写作、阅读，平均分数7.5分；独创“段落清空”、极简化“针对检索式”阅读法等众多高效技法；每年雅思考试均在10次以上；均分8+；真题回忆准确度97%以上；贴近西式思路和语言指导学生写作；善于帮助学生突破学术写作思维瓶颈。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、阅读和写作；在2014、2015、2017、2019四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。

资深考研培训讲师；

英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；

雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；

六级考试阅卷组成员；

深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。

呼吁国人学习英语的态度：

重复是记忆之母。

用听，用看，用心去触摸每个单词，你便会有好的记忆。

中国人要学好英语就要有一点点变态。

上课特点：课堂从不需点名，却无人缺席

教学理念：英语教师很幸运也有责任与学生一同叩响世界之门