全国各地近6年高考真题之30套2016年真题含答案可下载,2017年全国高考真题

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2016高考试卷真题资源库：

有些数学英语试题的格式在粘贴后会发生变化。下载标准电子版进行打印。请拉到文末，按提示下载。

在绝密启封之前

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标一)

a型英语试卷

第一卷

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先在试卷上标注答案。录音结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转移到答题卡上。

Section 1(共5个小问题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面五段对话。每段对话后都有一个问题。从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项，并在试卷相应位置标出。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟时间回答相关问题，并阅读下一个问题。每段对话只读一遍。

这件衬衫多少钱？

A.19.15.B. 918.C. 915.

答案是c。

1.说话者在谈论什么？

A.举行生日聚会。b .做运动。c .给莉迪亚买礼物。

2.这个女人打算做什么？

A.帮助那个人。b .乘公共汽车。c .买一架照相机。

3.女人建议男人做什么？

A.告诉凯特停止。b .打电话给凯特的朋友。c .远离凯特。

4.对话可能发生在哪里？

A.在一家酒店里。

5.这个女人是什么意思？

A.保持窗户关闭。b .出去呼吸新鲜空气。c .打开风扇。

Section 2(共15道小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面五段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后，都有几个小问题。从题中给出的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项，并在试卷相应位置标注。在听每个对话或独白之前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每个项目。听完后，每个问题将有5秒钟的时间回答。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段，回答问题6和7。

6.这个男人今年夏天打算做什么？

A.教一门课程。修理他的房子。

7.这个男人将如何使用这笔钱？

A.雇一个园丁。b .买书。c .支付乘船旅行的费用。

听第7段，回答问题8和9。

8.说话者之间可能的关系是什么？

A.同学b同事c室友。

9.弗兰克毕业后打算做什么？

A.做程序员b .环游世界c .自己创业。

听第8段，回答问题10至12。

10.为什么这个女人打电话？

A.预订旅馆房间。

B.询问客房服务。

C.对预订进行更改。

11.这位女士什么时候到达酒店？

A.9月15日

6.C. On September 23.

12. How much will the woman pay for her room per night?

A. $179.B. $199.C. $219.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?

A. Going shopping.B. Going camping.C. Going boating.

14. Where will the woman stay in Keswick?

A. In a country inn.B. In a five-star hotel.C. In her aunt’s home.

15. What will Gordon do over the weekend?

A. Visit his friends.B. Watch DVDs.C. Join the woman.

16. What does the woman think of Gordon’s coming weekend?

A. Relaxed.B. Boring.C. Busy.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. Who is Wang Ming?

A. A student.B. An employer.C. An engineer.

18. What does the speaker say about the college job market this year?

A. It’s unpredictable.B. It’s quite stable.C. It’s not optimistic.

19. What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

A. 20%.B. 22%.C. 50%.

20. Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?

A. They need more work experience.

B. The salary is usually good.

C. Their choice is limited.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

D. Her community background.

22. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.

C. Sandra Day O’Connor.D. Ross Parks.

24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influencegrandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand,a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

25. Why was Garza’s move a success?

A. It strengthened her family ties.

B. It improved her living conditions.

C. It enabled her make more friends.

D. It helped her know more new places.

26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

A. 17% expressed their support for it.

B. Few people responded sympathetically.

C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.

D. The majority thought it was a trend.

27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

A. They were unsure of themselves.

B. They were eager to raise more children.

C. They wanted to live away from their parents.

D. They had little respect for their grandparents.

28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

A. Make decisions in the best interestsof their own.

B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.

D. Get to know themselves better.

I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips— of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient —please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me. re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware thatin that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?

A. providerB. delivery man

C. collectorD. medical doctor

30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?

A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

B. The donor can only wait for that long.

C. The operation needs that much time.

D. The ice won’t last any longer.

31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?

A. To London.B. ToNewark.

C. To Providence.D. To Washington.

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?

A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.

C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.

33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?

A. The Chinese.B. The French.

C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.

34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?

A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.

C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.

35. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be Silent

C. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41along I65 north after delivering to one of his 42 .Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.

Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.

One thing is 59 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life.

41. A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing

42. A. passengersB. colleaguesC. employersD. customers

43. A. SinceB. AlthoughC. AsD. If

44. A. eachB. anotherC. thatD. his

45. A. flamesB. smokeC. waterD. steam

46. A. usedB. disabledC. removedD. abandoned

47. A. got hold ofB. preparedC. took charge ofD. controlled

48. A. came downB. came throughC. came inD. came over

49. A. returnedB. receivedC. madeD. confirmed

50. A. thenB. againC. finallyD. even

51. A. StartingB. Parking C. PassingD. Approaching

52. A. quietB. stillC. awayD. calm

53. A. forB. soC. andD. but

54. A. explodeB. slip awayC. fall apartD. crash

55. A. as ifB. unlessC. in caseD. after

56. A. stepped forwardB. backed offC. moved onD. set out

57. A. womanB. policeC. manD. driver

58. A. forbiddenB. readyC. askedD. free

59. A. for certainB. for considerationC. reportedD. checked

60. A. patienceB. skillsC. effortsD. promise

第 II 卷

第三部分英语知识运用

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 68 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum―she never suspects.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.

第二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。

全国各地近6年高考真题之30套2016年真题含答案可下载,2017年全国高考真题

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标I卷

参考答案

试卷总评：2016年高考英语新课标I卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同。其中，阅读理解体裁多样，有记叙文、说明文等，侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力，缺少了历年来的应用文阅读。完形填空仍是夹叙夹议文，着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用，难度适中。语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词，形容词，名词，等常见考点，充分考查了学生对篇章解读以及对语境和语法知识的掌握。书面表达是学生熟悉的书信文体，话题接近学生生活，人人有话可说，有感而发。给考生提供了充分的拓展空间，具有开放性，难度较低。

第一部分听力

1-5 CBACA 6-10 CBAAC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 BACAB

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）

A 篇阅读 21 -24ACDC

B 篇阅读 25-28 ADCA

C篇阅读 29-31 BDB

D 篇阅读 32-35 CADB

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）

36 –40 DEGFA

第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20 小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）

41- 45 CDCBA 46-50 BADCA 51-55 DB DA C 56-60 BBDAC

第二节英语知识运用（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）

61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when

66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）

71. that →where 72. but去掉 73. had →have 74. honest→ honesty 75. or→ and

76. using →used 77. becoming前加of 78. the →a 79. our→ his 80. stead→steadily

第二节书面表达（满25分）略

Dear Ms Jenkins,

I’m Li Hua from your English writing class last term. I’m writing to ask for your help. I’m applyingfor a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume. However, I am not quite sure of the language and the format I’ve used. I know you have a very busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go through them and make necessary changes. Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment.

Thank you for your kindness!

Yours,

Li Hua

2016高考江苏卷英语听力原文及答案解析

Text 1

W: What are we going to get for Lydia’s birthday?

M: How about a pair of running shoes?

W: You know she hates doing exercise.

M: Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.

Text 2

M: Excuse me. Do you have time to help take a picture of us?

W: Oh, I’m sorry. I’ve got to catch a bus.

M: That’s OK.

Text 3

M: It really annoys me when Kate calls her friends during office hours.

W: If I were you, I would tell her to stop.

M: Maybe you’re right. I will talk to her sometime.

Text 4

M: Here’s the menu, Madame. Would you like something to drink?

W: Yes, please. May I see the wine list?

M: Certainly. Here you are.

Text 5

M: We need to have some fresh air. Do you mind my opening the window?

W: As a matter of fact, I’m feeling a bit cold.

Text 6

M: Guess what I’ll be doing this summer?

W: What?

M: I’m going to work at the Riverside Hotel.

W: What exactly will you be doing?

M: Let’s see. I’ll be doing some small repairs inside and outside the hotel. I’ll be cutting grass and taking care of the flowers.

W: Sounds interesting. What’s the pay?

M: Well, uh…about fifteen dollars an hour, five hours a day, and Sunday free.

W: That’s good money. What are you going to do with it?

M: I’ll pay for the textbooks for next term.

Text 7

M: Hi, Sue. How’s it going?

W: Oh, hi, Frank, just fine. How are your classes?

M: Pretty good. I’m glad this is my last term here, though.

W: Why is that? I thought you were enjoying school.

M: I was. But now I’m getting tired of it. I’m ready for the real world.

W: What are you planning to do when you graduate?

M: First, I want to get a job as a computer programmer, and then after five years or so, I’d like to start my own business.

W: Sounds good. I still have three terms to go until I’m done.

M: You’ll make it for sure. Well, see you later.

W: Bye!

Text 8

M: Hello, Milton Hotel Reservations. How may I assist you?

W: Hi, I’m calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.

M: Certainly. Do you have the reservation number?

W: Sure, it’s 219.

M: That’s a reservation for Sally Menkel. Is that right?

W: Yes, that’s right. I’d like to change the check-in date from September 15 to September 16.

M: Certainly. I can make that change for you. Is that the only change?

W: No, the check-out date will also change from the 23rd to the 24th.

M: No problem. We have you arriving on the 16th of September and leaving the 24th of September — altogether, eight nights. Will there be anything else?

W: Yes. Instead of a courtyard room, I’d like a room with a view, preferably on an upper floor.

M: I can certainly change that for you, but there will be a change in the room rate. The new rate is $199 per night, instead of the original $179.

W: That’s OK. These are all the changes. Thank you very much.

M: You’re welcome. Have a nice day!

Text 9

W: Gordon, I’m going to Keswick in the Lake District this weekend.

M: Really?

W: Yeah, five of us. Why don’t you join us? We’re getting to Keswick on Friday. Then we’re going boating on Saturday. And on Sunday, we’re going to do some shopping. Then I will take some time to visit my aunt Lucy.

M: You’re not going to camp, are you? Isn’t it a bit cold?

W: No, we’re not. It is a bit cold. We’re staying in a country inn. It’s not like five-star hotels or anything. But it’s really comfortable.

M: Hmm, sounds interesting. You know, it’s the boating that I don’t like.

W: Well, what are you up to?

M: Sit on my sofa all weekend and watch the DVDs I’ve just bought. And that will be a busy weekend. I may finish watching Friends.

W: I don’t know how you can do that all weekend, Gordon. I’d get bored.

M: I know, I know. But that’s really what I want to do.

Text 10

M: Hello. Welcome to the program. In America, May and June are the traditional months for graduations. A listener in China, Wang Ming, who is about to get an engineering degree, wants to know how American college graduates find jobs. Right now, the answer is: not very easily. A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now. This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago. But one difference: fewer of this year’s graduates have started to search for jobs. Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already, and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average, engineering majors expect to start at about $62,000 a year.

2016年全国II卷高考语文真题

第I卷阅读题

甲必考题

一、现代文阅读

阅读下面的文宇，完成1〜3題.

人们常说“小说是讲故事的艺术”，但故事不等于小说，故事讲述人与小说家也不能混为一谈。就传统而言，讲故事的讲述亲身经历或道题听途说的故事，口耳相传，把它们转化为听众的经验;小说家则通常记录见闻传说，虚构故事，经过艺术处理，把它们变成小说交给读者。

除流传形式上的简单差异外，早期小说和故事的本质区别并不明显，经历和见闻是它们的共同要素，在传统较为落后的过去，作为远行者的商人和水手最适合充当故事讲述人的角色，故事的丰富程度与远行者的游历成比。受此影响，国外古典小说也常以人物的经历为主线组织故事，《荷马史诗》《一千零一夜》都是描述某种特殊的经历和遭遇，《唐吉可德》中的故事是唐吉可德的行侠奇遇和所见所闻，17世纪欧洲的流浪汉小说也体现游历见闻的连缀。在中国，民间传说和历史故事为志怪类和史传类的小说提供了用之不竭的素材，话本等古典小说形式也显示出小说和传统故事的亲密关系。

虚构的加强使小说和传统质检的区别清晰起来。小说中的故事可以来自想象。不一定是作者的亲历亲闻。小说家常闭门构思，作品大多诞生于他们的离群索居的时候，小说家可以闲坐在布宜诺斯艾利斯的图书馆中，或者在巴黎一间终年不见阳光的阁楼里，杜撰他们想象中的历险故事，但是，一名水手也许历尽千辛万苦才能把在东印度群岛听到的故事带回伦敦;一个匠人漂泊一生，积攒下无数的见闻、掌故或趣事，当他晚年作在火炉旁给孩子们讲述这一切的时候，他本人就是故事的一部分，传统故事是否值得转述，往往只取决于故事本身的趣味性和可流传性，与传统的故事方式不同，小说家一般并不单纯转述故事，他是在从事故事的制作和生产，有深思熟虑的讲述目的。

就现代小说而言，虚构一个故事并非首要功能，现代小说的繁荣对应的故事不同程度的减损或逐渐消失，现代小说家对待故事的方式复杂多变，以实现他们特殊的叙事目的。小说家呈现人生，有时会写到难以言喻的个人经验，他们会调整讲故事的方式，甚至将虚构和表述的重心揶到故事之外。在这些小说家笔下，故事成了幌子，故事之外的附加信息显得更有意味。19世纪末期以来，小说家对小说故事性的破坏日趋强烈。这时，一个故事的好坏并不看它的“成色”如何，而是取决于讲故事的方式。契诃夫曾经把那些不好好讲故事的小说家称为“耍弄蹩脚花招的人”，但这种花招的大量出现也有其内在的合理性—他们要摆脱陈旧的故事模式，摆脱虚假的因果关系和矫揉造作的戏剧冲突，甚至摆脱故事本身。现代小说家认为，传统的故事模式早已失去了弹性和内在活力，也失去了起初的存在价值，那些千百年来一直在给小说提供养料的故事模式已经成为制约想象力的障碍之一。

(摘编自格非《塞壬的歌声》)

1. 下列关于原文内容的表述，不正确的一项是( )

A.讲故事的人不一定是小说家，小说家在讲故事的时候，不像传统的故事讲述者那么依赖亲身经历和耳闻目睹的事。

B.传统故事和早期小说的本质差异在于，前者是故事的口耳相传，后者则是作家创作加工后的游历见闻。

C.17世纪的欧洲流浪汉小说和部分中国古典小说，或在叙述形式方面，或在素材来源方面，都受到了传统故事的影响。

D.当小说家越来越依靠想象力虚构故事的时候，小说和传统故事在内容来源方面的差异使它们之间的关联不再像过去那么紧密。

2. 下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是( )

A.水手在伦敦讲东印度群岛的所见所闻，匠人在火炉边讲自己的人生经历，他们讲的故事各有特点，但同属于传统故事模式。

B.传统的故事讲述者大多会讲述那些为听众喜闻乐见的事，小说家则会根据自己的写作意图审慎构思，创作新的故事。

C.现代小说不太注重一个故事如何来讲，因为故事情节已不再是现代小说最重要的因素，人们更注意故事之外的附加意味。

D.现代小说家不喜欢传统故事模式，视它为绊脚石，是因为他们觉得这种故事模式显得僵化古板，已经不能促进小说艺术的发展。

3.根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是( )

A.传统的故事讲述人如果把自己的故事记录下来，进行加工整理，就能形成一种和早期小说接近的文字，有些讲述人也会成为小说家。

B.现代小说家尝试用新的方式讲故事，会削弱小说的故事性，这将降低小说对虚构的依赖，小说的个人表达功能却会因此得到强化。

C.契诃夫不大认可“不好好讲故事的小说家”，对他们的做法评价不高，由此可知当时这股写作潮流与他的创作理念相悖。

D.现代小说的发展加剧了故事在小说中的衰变，与此同时，随着现代传媒的不断发展，传统的故事讲述方式也可能消亡。

二、古代诗文阅读

(一)文言文阅读(19分)

阅读下面的文言文，完成4〜7题。

陈登云，字从龙，唐山人，万历五年进士，出鄢陵知县，征授御史，出接辽东，疏陈安攘十册，又请速首功之赏，改巡山西。还朝，会廷臣方争建储。登云谓议不早决，由贵妃家阴沮之。十六年六月遂因灾异抗疏，劾妃父郑承宪，言：“承宪怀祸藏奸窥觊贰且广结术士之流曩陛下重惩科场冒籍承宪妻每扬言事由己发用以恐吓勋贵簧鼓朝绅不但惠安遭其虐焰，即中宫与太后家亦谨避其锋矣，陛下享国久长，自由敬德所致，而承宪每对人言，以为不立东宫之效。干扰盛典，蓄隐邪谋，他日何所不至?”疏入，贵妃、承宪皆怒，同列亦为登云危，帝竟留中不下。久之，疏论吏部尚书陆光祖，又论贬四川提学副使冯时可，论罢应天巡抚李涞、顺天巡抚王致祥，又论礼部侍郎韩世能、尚书罗万化、南京太仆卿徐用检、朝右皆惮之。时方考选科道，登云因疏言：“近岁言官，壬午以前怵于威，则摧刚为柔;壬午以后昵于情，则化直为佞。其间岂无刚直之人，而弗胜龃龉，多不能安其身。二十年来，以刚直擢京卿者百止一二耳。背公植党，遂嗜乞怜，如所谓‘七豺’‘八狗’者，言路顾居其半。夫台谏为天下持是非，而使人贱辱至此，安望其抗颜直绳，为国家除大奸、歼巨蠹哉!与其误用而斥之，不若慎于始进。”因条数事以献，出按河南。岁大饥，人相食。副使崔应麟见民啖泽中雁矢，囊示登云，登云即进之于朝。帝立遣肆丞锺化民赍帑币振之。登云巡方者三，风裁峻厉。以久之当擢京卿，累寝不下，遂移疾归。寻卒。(节选自《明史·陈登云传》)

4.下列对文中画直线部分的断句，正确的一项是(3分)

A.承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场/冒籍承宪妻每扬言事由己发/用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/

B.承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰/且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场冒籍/承宪妻每扬言/事由己发用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/

C.承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰/且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场冒籍/承宪妻每扬言事由己发/用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/

D.承宪怀祸藏奸/窥觊储贰且广结术士之流/曩陛下重惩科场/冒籍承宪妻每扬言/事由己发用以恐喝勋贵/簧鼓朝绅/

5.下列对文中加粗词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是(3分)

A.中宫是皇后所居之宫，后来又可以借指皇后，这与东宫又可以借指太子是同样道理。

B.陛下指宫殿中立有护卫的台阶下，因群臣不可直呼帝王，于是借用为对帝王的尊称。

C.吏部是古代六部之一，掌管文官任免、考核、升降、调动等，长官为吏部尚书。

D.移疾指官员上书称病，实际是官员受到权臣诋毁，不得不请求退职的委婉说法。

6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是(3分)

A.陈登云不畏权贵，弹劾贵妃之父。他出于对朝廷的忠心，即便对郑承宪这样的国戚，也大胆揭发对方为非作歹，包藏祸心，幸而皇上并未因此发怒。

B.陈登云敢于直言，检举多名重臣。他在朝既久，发现诸多问题，于是奏告一干大臣，其中有些人因此遭到贬职或罢免，以至朝廷大官们都很畏惧他。

C.陈登云上疏指出，选才慎于始进。他认为二十年来，刚直者很少被提拔进京，在朝者却背公结党，谄媚权贵，与其误用后罢免，不如进用时慎重。

D.陈登云关心百姓，奏请救助灾区。在他巡视河南期间，当地年成歉收，百姓相食，他向朝廷呈告灾情，皇上当即派遣寺丞锺化民筹措钱款赈济灾民。

7.把文中斜体字的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)其间岂无刚直之人，而弗胜龃龉，多不能安其身。

(2)副使崔应麟见民啖泽中雁矢，囊示登云，登云即进之于朝。

(二)古代诗歌阅读(11分)

阅读下面这首唐诗，完成8〜9题。

丹青引赠曹将军霸①(节选)

杜甫

先帝天马玉花骢②，画工如山貌不同。

是日牵来赤墀下③，迥立闾阖生长风④。

诏谓将军拂绢素，意匠惨淡经营中。

斯须九重真龙出⑤，一洗万古凡马空。

[注]①曹将军霸：即曹霸，唐代著名画家，官至左武卫将军。②玉花骢：唐玄宗御马名。③赤墀：宫殿前的红色台阶。④闾阖：传说中的天门，这里指宫门。⑤斯须：一会儿。

8. 如何理解曹霸画的马“一洗万古凡马空”?曹霸是怎样做到的?请简要分析。(5分)

9. 为了突出曹霸的高超画技，诗人作了哪些铺垫?请简要分析。(6分)

(三)名篇名句默写(6分)

10.补出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)《孟子•鱼我所欲也》中表示，生是我希望得到的，义也是我希望得到的，但“__________，__________”。

(2)李白《蜀道难》中“__________，__________”两句，以感叹的方式收束对蜀道凶险的描写，转入后文对人事的关注。

(3)杜牧《阿房宫赋》中以“__________，__________”描写阿房宫宫人的美丽，她们伫立远眺，盼望着皇帝临幸。

乙选考题

请考生在第三、四两大题中选定其中一大题作答。注意：作答时必须用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选大题题号后的方框涂黑。只能做所选定大题内的小題，不得选做另一大题内的小题。如果多做，则按所做的第一大题计分。

三、文学类文本阅读(25分)

11.阅读下面的文字，完成(1)～(4)题。(25分)

战争美迈尔尼

1941年9月，我在伦敦被炸伤，住进了医院，我的军旅生涯就此黯然结束。我对自己很失望，对这场战争也很失望。

一天深夜，我想给一位朋友打电话，接线生把我的电话接到了一位妇女的电话线上，她当时也正准备跟别人通话。

“我是格罗斯文诺8829，”我听见她对接线生说，“我要的是汉姆普斯特的号码，你接错了，那个倒霉蛋并不想跟我通话。”

“哦，我想是。”我忙插嘴。

她的声音很柔和，也很清晰，我立刻喜欢上了它。我们相互致歉后，挂上了话筒。可是两分钟后，我又拨通了她的号码，也许是命中注定我们要通话，我们在电话中交谈了20多分钟。

“你干吗三更半夜找人说话呢”她问。

我跟她说了原因，然后反问“那么你呢?”

她说她老母亲睡不好觉，她常常深夜打电话与她聊聊天，之后我们又谈了谈彼此正在读的几本书，还有这场战争。

最后我说：“我有好多年没这样畅快地跟人说话了。”

“是吗?好了，就到这里吧，晚安，祝你做个好梦。”她说。

第二天整整一天，我老在想昨晚的对话情形，想她的机智、大方、热情和幽默感。当然还有那悦耳的口音，那么富有魅力，像乐曲一样老在我的脑海里回旋。到了晚上，我兼职什么也看不进。午夜时，格罗斯文诺8829老在我脑海里闪现。我实在难以忍受，颤抖着拨了那个号码。电话线彼端的铃声刚响，就马上被人接起来。

“哈罗?”

“是我。”我说，“真对不起，打扰你了，我们继续谈昨晚的话题，行吗?”

没说行还是不行，她立即谈起了巴尔扎克的小说《贝姨》。不到两分钟，我们就相互开起玩笑，好像是多年的至交。这次我们谈了45分钟。午夜时光和相互的不认识，打破了两人初交时的拘谨。我们提议彼此介绍一下各自的身份，可是她婉言谢绝了。她说这会把事情全弄糟，不过她留下了我的电话号码。我一再许诺为她保密，直到战争结束。于是她说了一些她的情况，17岁时她嫁给一个自己不喜欢的男人，以后一直分居。她今年36岁，唯一的儿子在前不久的一次空袭中被炸死了，年仅18岁。他是她的一切。她常常跟他说话，好像他还活着。她形容他像朝霞一样美，就跟她自己一样，于是她给我留下了一幅美丽的肖像，我说她一定很美，她笑了，问道：“你怎么知道的?”

我们越来越相互依赖，什么都谈。我们在大部分话题上看法相似，包括对战争的看法，我们开始读同样的书，以增加谈话的情趣。每天夜晚，不管多晚，我们都要通一次话。如果哪天我因事出城，没能通话，她就会埋怨说她那天晚上寂寞得辗转难眠。随着时间的推移，我愈来愈渴望见到她。我有时吓唬她说我要找辆出租车立刻奔到她跟前。可是她不允许，她说如果我们相见后发现彼此并不相爱，她会死掉的。整整12个月，我是在期待中度过的。我们的爱情虽然近在咫尺，却绕过了狂暴的感情波澜，正平稳地驶向永恒的彼岸。通话的魅力胜过了秋波和拥抱。一天晚上，我刚从乡间赶回伦敦，就连忙拿起话筒拨她的号码。一阵嘶哑的尖叫声代替了往日那清脆悦耳的银铃声，我顿时感到一阵晕眩。这意味着那条电话线出了故障或者被拆除了。第二天仍旧是嘶哑的尖叫。我找到接线生，请求他们帮我查查格罗斯文诺8829的地址，起先他们不理睬我，因为我说不出她的名字。后来一位富有同情心的接线小姐答应帮我查查。“当然可以。”她说，“你好像很焦急。是吗?嗯，这个号码所属的那片区域前天夜里挨了炸弹，号码主人叫……” “谢谢，”我说，“别说了，请你别说了。” 我放下了话筒。

(沈东子译，有删改)

(1)下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，最恰当的两项是(5分)

A. 小说以“1941年9月，我在伦敦被炸伤”开头，不仅是为了交代故事发生的时间地点，更是为了强调这是作者的一段亲身经历。

B. “我有好多年没这样畅快地跟人说话了”，话中有话，既委婉地表达了“我”对女主人公的喜爱之情，又为两人进一步交往作了铺垫。

C. 得知事情真相时“我”只说了句“别说了，请你别说了”，就放下了话筒，这看似不合常情的表现，背后传达的却是难以言说的悲哀。

D. 接线生的失误让两人相识，心灵的需要让他们相恋，无情的轰炸让他们永别，小说情节既在意料之外，又在情理之中，设计自然而精巧。

E.小说不仅描写了战时一对普通恋人的悲欢离合，也以真实的笔触，描绘了一幅世界反法西斯战争的历史画卷，表现了民众的必胜信念。

(2)小说中的女主人公有哪些性格特点?请简要分析。(6分)

(3)小说以“电话”为枢纽连接人物、安排情节。这样处理有什么作用?请简要分析。(6分)

(4)小说写的只是战争中的一个小故事，却用了“战争”这样一个大题目，你认为这样处理合适吗?请结合全文，谈谈你的观点。(8分)

四、实用类文本阅读(25分)

12.阅读下面的文字，完成(1)〜(4)题。(25分)

吴文俊的数学世界

吴文俊小学时成绩平平，也没有显示出独特的数学才华，初中时数学甚至得过零分，高中时最喜欢的是物理而非数学，但他从小就对读书有浓厚兴趣，初中时国文成绩一直不错，尽管高三时物理得了满分，但教物理的赵贻经老师却看出了他的数学潜力，力荐他入数学系。正始中学决定，吴文俊必须报考数学系，才能得到每年一百块大洋的奖学金，加之他父母又不放心独子离开上海，吴文俊就进入了上海交大数学系，所谓“知之不如好之，好之不如乐之”，吴文俊向来是以兴趣为先导来读书的，因为他对物理有兴趣，甚至一度想要转系。是大三时教数学的武崇林老师帮助他摆脱了专业上的困惑，使他认识到数学的巨大魅力。

1940年，吴文俊从交大毕业，先后在育英中学、培真中学担任数学教员，直到1946年见到了影响他一生的恩师陈省身，他才由一个普通的中学数学老师成为数学研究所的专业研究员。对于吴文俊的数学研究，他的学生高小山总结说：“吴先生做拓扑研究，一下子就能抓住核心问题，为代数拓扑学的兴起作出了影响深远的贡献。他从事机器定理证明也是这样，极其敏锐地看出了信息时代数学的发展趋势，他的研究受到中国古代数学的启发，汲取了中国传统数学的养分。使用吴先生的方法，几乎所有数学定理的证明，都可以由计算机来完成，从而让人类把精力放到更加宏观的层面上去思考问题。”

对吴文俊来说，虽然最初选择数学是被动的，但综观其一生，数学已逐渐成为他生命的一部分。从事数学研究，吴文俊特别强调数学思维。他说：“要创新，就要独立思考，就不能总是跟着人家亦步亦趋，当然开始的时候参考借鉴也是必要的，牛顿就说过，他之所以获得成功，因为他站在巨人的肩膀上，才能看得远，所以不能忽略学习，可是除了学习之外，还要能够独立思考，这是创新的必要条件。现在摆在中国面前的是，数学就要靠下一代、下下代在创新方面取得巨大成功，中华民族才可以得到复兴。”吴文俊自己的经历就是很好的例子。他在数学上的一系列成就，特别是他运用机械化思想来考察数学，发现了数学的不同侧面，并建立了新的模式，这全面得益于他的独辟蹊径。

对我国的数学基础教育，吴文俊也颇有心得。我国中学生多次在国际奥数竞赛中获奖，被当作我国数学教育成功的证明，但吴文俊更赞同丘成桐的观点：“奥数应该是一种建立在兴趣之上的研究性、高层次学习，中国的奥数学习过分关注海量题目，直接与考试、竞赛挂钩，对系统学数学不利。作为基础学科，应着重引导学习的兴趣，不应当过分追求功利。”吴文俊同样清醒认识到：“竞赛获奖固然可贵，但也不能看得过重，因为它不能代表学生对数学的深度理解，也不能有效地训练数学思维。”他认为，数学教育更重要的是培养数学的思维方式。

有人曾揶揄数学家迂腐，吴文俊不但不迂腐，而且兴趣广泛，内心充满童趣，他说：“我是个想怎样就怎样的人，想玩就玩，想工作了就会安安静静地工作，从不多想。”他喜欢看电影、读历史小说，也喜欢看围棋比赛。老伴说他“贪玩”，他却说：“读历史书籍、看历史影片，帮助了我的学术研究;看围棋比赛，更培养了我的全局观念和战略眼光。”

吴文俊37岁时就获得了国家自然科学一等奖，四十多年后，他再次获得国家最高科技奖。如此长的学术生命，在数学界是非常罕见的。当记者提出疑问时，吴文俊反问道：“我为什么不能保持这么长的学术生命?”在他看来，学术生命是能够终生保持的，很多人做不到，那是他们自己的问题，应该自我反省。他特别强调研究数学要下扎实的工夫。他说：“外国许多数学家，尽管有的我非常佩服，可是我并不认同他们靠所谓巧思妙想研究数学的办法。应该根据客观实际具体分析，一切以事实为主。这是我主要的想法。”

(摘编自柯琳娟《吴文俊传》)

全国各地近6年高考真题之30套2016年真题含答案可下载,2017年全国高考真题

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